tracert/traceroute - Shows the path a packet takes between a source and destination.
nslookup/dig - Allows you to verify and troubleshoot DNS issues.
Pathping - Provides both information from ping and traceroute between a source and destination host devices.
Route - Allows you verify the routes within a host system.
ipconfig/ifconfig - Allows you to display the current IP configurations on a host system.
Arp - Allows you to see the IP address to MAC address mapping on a host system.
Netstat - Displays the network connections from the host system to remote systems.
Perform host discovery.
Perform port scanning.
Discovery operating system and service versions.
Detect vulnerabilities on host systems.
Hping is a packet crafter which allows a user to create a packet with specific characteristics.
Can be used to analyze packets on a network.
This a network port scanner.
Netcat is the Swiss army knife for interacting with network protocols.
Can be used to perform banner grabbing and creating a reverse shell on a target system.
Can also perform port scanning on a target system.
Also has the capabilities of transferring files.
Curl is used to interact with a web application.
Can upload and download files.
Typically used during passive information gathering to gather email address of a target domain.
Can also gather subdomains of a target organization's domain name.
This tool allows the automation of gathering information during a penetration test.
Can perform port scanning and discovery of subdomains.
Perform DNS enumeration on a target domain.
Identity subdomains.
This is a popular vulnerability scanner.
This is a malware analysis sandbox.
Wireshark
Tcpdump